Toast chiles in batches in a dry skillet over medium 1-2 minutes per side until fragrant; do not burn.
Cover chiles with hot water in a bowl; soak 20 minutes until soft, then drain.
Blend chiles, cumin, oregano, garlic powder, and onion powder in a blender or spice grinder into a fine powder. Set aside.
Season beef with salt and pepper. Heat oil in a large Dutch oven over high; brown beef in uncrowded batches. Transfer to a plate.
Reduce heat to medium; cook onion about 5 minutes until soft. Add garlic; cook 1 minute.
Stir in 6 tablespoons homemade chili mix; cook 1 minute until fragrant.
Return beef; add broth and beer. Boil; reduce heat to low, cover, and simmer 2.5 hours until very tender.
Mix masa harina with 1/4 cup water; stir slurry into chili and cook 15 minutes to thicken. Add vinegar; adjust seasoning and serve.