Preheat oven to 375°F and grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Add the uncooked pasta, zucchini, cherry tomatoes, bell pepper, and garlic to the baking dish.
Pour the vegetable broth and heavy cream over the vegetables and pasta, then stir in 1 cup mozzarella cheese, Parmesan cheese, Italian seasoning, salt, and pepper.
Cover tightly with foil and bake for 35 minutes, stirring once halfway through.
Remove foil, sprinkle with remaining 1 cup mozzarella and the fresh basil, and bake uncovered for 5 more minutes until cheese is melted and golden.
Let rest for 5 minutes before serving.