Preheat your oven to 350°F and line two baking sheets with parchment paper.
In a large bowl, beat together the butter, brown sugar, and granulated sugar until creamy and smooth, about 2-3 minutes.
Add the egg and vanilla extract, beating until well incorporated.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, and salt. Gradually stir the dry ingredients into the wet ingredients until just combined.
Fold in the caramel chips, making sure they're evenly distributed throughout the dough.
Scoop rounded tablespoons of dough and roll into balls. Place them about 2 inches apart on your prepared baking sheets.
Bake for 9-11 minutes, or until the edges are golden but the centers still look slightly underdone. They'll continue to cook on the baking sheet!
Immediately sprinkle each cookie with a small pinch of flaky sea salt while they're still hot.
Let the cookies cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely. Try not to eat them all before they make it to the cookie platter!