Heat olive oil in a large, deep skillet or Dutch oven over medium heat. Add garlic and sauté for 30 seconds until fragrant.
Add the pasta, vegetable broth, Italian seasoning, salt, and pepper. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat to medium.
Add the broccoli, bell pepper, and zucchini. Cook for 8-10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until pasta is about halfway cooked.
Stir in the cherry tomatoes and frozen peas. Continue cooking for another 5-7 minutes until pasta is tender and vegetables are crisp-tender.
Reduce heat to low and stir in the heavy cream and Parmesan cheese. Toss until the cheese melts and creates a light sauce. If too thick, add a splash of broth.
Taste and adjust seasoning as needed. Garnish with fresh basil and extra Parmesan before serving.