Season the chicken pieces with ½ teaspoon salt and ¼ teaspoon pepper. Heat olive oil in a large, deep skillet or pot over medium-high heat.
Add the chicken and cook for 5-6 minutes until golden and cooked through. Remove chicken from the pot and set aside on a plate.
In the same pot, melt the butter over medium heat. Add the minced garlic and sauté for 1 minute until fragrant.
Pour in the chicken broth and heavy cream. Add the remaining salt, pepper, garlic powder, and nutmeg (if using). Stir well and bring to a boil.
Add the broken fettuccine pasta to the pot, making sure it's submerged in the liquid. Reduce heat to medium and cook for 10-12 minutes, stirring frequently to prevent sticking, until the pasta is tender.
Return the cooked chicken to the pot and stir to combine. Remove from heat.
Stir in the grated Parmesan cheese until melted and the sauce is creamy. Let stand for 2-3 minutes to thicken.
Garnish with fresh parsley and extra Parmesan if desired. Serve immediately while hot and creamy.