Heat olive oil in a large pot or deep skillet over medium-high heat. Season chicken with salt and pepper, then add to pot and cook for 6-7 minutes until golden and cooked through.
Add the minced garlic, chopped sun-dried tomatoes with their oil, Italian seasoning, and red pepper flakes. Cook for 1-2 minutes until fragrant.
Pour in the chicken broth and heavy cream, stirring to combine. Add the dry penne pasta and bring to a boil.
Reduce heat to medium and simmer for 12-15 minutes, stirring frequently, until pasta is tender and sauce has reduced and thickened.
Remove from heat and stir in the Parmesan cheese until melted. Top with fresh basil and serve immediately.