Whisk together flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a large bowl.
In a separate bowl, whisk buttermilk, eggs, melted butter, and vanilla together.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and stir just until combined, leaving some lumps in the batter.
Let the batter rest for 5 minutes while you heat a griddle or skillet over medium heat and grease with a little butter.
Pour 1/3 cup of batter per pancake onto the griddle, scatter a few blueberries on top, and cook until bubbles form on the surface before flipping.
Cook another 1 to 2 minutes on the second side until golden, then serve with maple syrup.