Whisk together flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a large bowl.
In a separate bowl, whisk buttermilk, eggs, melted butter, and vanilla together.
Stir wet ingredients into dry until just combined, leaving some lumps.
Rest batter 5 minutes while heating a griddle or skillet over medium heat; grease with a little butter.
Pour 1/3 cup of batter per pancake onto the griddle, scatter a few blueberries on top, and cook until bubbles form on the surface before flipping.
Cook another 1 to 2 minutes on the second side until golden, then serve with maple syrup.