Preheat oven to 375°F. Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with cooking spray.
Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Sauté the bell peppers and onion for 5-7 minutes until softened. Set aside to cool slightly.
Spread the thawed hash browns evenly in the bottom of the prepared baking dish.
Layer the diced ham over the hash browns, followed by the sautéed peppers and onions.
Sprinkle 1½ cups of shredded cheddar cheese over the vegetables.
In a large bowl, whisk together eggs, milk, salt, pepper, and garlic powder until well combined and slightly frothy.
Pour the egg mixture evenly over the layered ingredients in the baking dish.
Top with remaining ½ cup of cheese and bake for 40-45 minutes until the eggs are set and the top is golden brown.
Let cool for 5 minutes before slicing and serving.
To freeze: Cool completely, cut into portions, and wrap individually in plastic wrap. Place in a freezer bag for up to 3 months. Reheat individual portions in the microwave for 2-3 minutes or in a 350°F oven for 15-20 minutes.