Toast the cumin seeds in a dry skillet over medium heat for 30 seconds until fragrant, then grind them in a spice grinder or mortar and pestle.
Heat vegetable oil in a large pot over medium-high heat and brown the ground beef, breaking it up with a spoon, about 8 minutes. Drain excess fat.
Add the diced onion to the pot and cook until softened, about 5 minutes, then add garlic and cook for 1 minute more.
Stir in the ground toasted cumin, Mexican oregano, smoked paprika, cayenne, salt, and black pepper, cooking for 1 minute to bloom the spices.
Add the diced tomatoes, tomato paste, beans, and beef broth, stirring to combine everything well.
Bring the chili to a boil, then reduce heat to low and simmer uncovered for 90 minutes, stirring occasionally, until thickened and flavors are melded.
Taste and adjust seasoning with additional salt if needed before serving.