Preheat oven to 375°F and spray a 9x13-inch baking dish with cooking spray.
Pour the uncooked rice into the bottom of the prepared baking dish, spreading it evenly.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the chicken broth, cream of chicken soup, garlic powder, onion powder, pepper, and salt until well combined, then pour over the rice.
Arrange the chicken thighs on top of the rice mixture, skin side up, and sprinkle with additional salt and pepper if desired.
Cover the dish tightly with aluminum foil and bake for 60 minutes.
Remove the foil, sprinkle the shredded cheddar cheese over the top, and bake uncovered for an additional 15 minutes until the cheese is melted and bubbly and the chicken reaches an internal temperature of 165°F.
Let stand for 5 minutes before serving.