Brown beef in large pot or Dutch oven over medium-high about 5-6 minutes until no longer pink, breaking small with wooden spoon; drain excess fat.
Add onion; cook 3-4 minutes until softened. Add garlic; cook 1 minute more until fragrant.
Stir in tomato paste, oregano, paprika, pepper, and salt; cook 1 minute to develop flavors.
Add broth, tomatoes, cabbage, carrots, and bay leaves; boil.
Reduce heat to medium-low; simmer uncovered 20-25 minutes until cabbage is tender and flavors blended, stirring occasionally.
Remove bay leaves; taste and adjust seasoning if needed. Ladle into bowls; serve hot.